Borehole drilling has grown in popularity due to its ability to provide a sustainable, independent water source. Not only that, but Daily life, agriculture, and business depend on having access to safe, clean water. Drilling of Boreholes is a practical solution where water shortages are common and municipal water delivery is expensive. However, before drilling, there are key aspects to understand about the process, costs, regulations, and benefits involved.
Why Consider Borehole Drilling?
Many regions, especially arid and semi-arid areas, experience unreliable municipal water supply or complete lack of access. Boreholes can provide a long-term solution for water security. Here are several reasons why drilling a borehole might be the right choice:
- Independence from public water supply: Reduces reliance on often irregular municipal sources.
- Cost-effectiveness: Over time, boreholes can reduce water bills significantly.
- Reliable supply for businesses and institutions: Ensures constant water for schools, hospitals, manufacturing plants, and farms.
- Improved hygiene and sanitation: Availability of water encourages proper hygiene practices.
- High potential for ROI: Especially for water vending businesses, a borehole is a profit-generating asset.
The Borehole Drilling Process
1. Hydrogeological Survey
Before drilling begins, a hydrogeological survey is essential. Conducted by licensed professionals, this survey determines the location and depth at which water is likely to be found. It also assesses the quantity and quality of water expected.
2. Regulatory Approvals
You must obtain permits and approvals from relevant authorities. These include:
- Water Resource Authority (WRA): For water abstraction permits
- NEMA: Environmental Impact Assessments in some cases
- County Government Approvals: Local authority permits
Failure to obtain these approvals can result in penalties and legal issues.
3. Drilling and Construction
Once the paperwork is complete, drilling begins using heavy-duty rigs. The borehole is typically lined with steel or PVC casing to prevent collapse. Grouting is done to seal the space between the borehole wall and the casing.
4. Pump Installation
A submersible pump is installed to lift water to the surface. The pump type and size depend on borehole depth, water yield, and intended use. For areas with inconsistent electricity, solar-powered pumps are a popular option.
5. Water Testing and Treatment
Once water is pumped, it’s tested for physical, chemical, and biological contaminants. Depending on the results, water treatment solutions like filtration systems or reverse osmosis may be necessary, especially for drinking water.
6. Borehole Equipping
This stage includes installing the pump, control panels, pipes, and storage tanks. Plumbing and electrical works are completed, and the system is tested to ensure smooth operation.
Cost of Borehole Drilling in Kenya
The cost of drilling and equipping a borehole in Kenya can vary significantly depending on factors such as:
- Location and geological conditions: Hard rock areas require more drilling power and time.
- Borehole depth: Deeper boreholes cost more to drill and equip.
- Pump type and specifications
- Storage solutions (steel tanks, GRP tanks, etc.)
- Water treatment systems installed
On average, drilling a borehole in Kenya may cost between KES 500,000 to KES 2,000,000 or more depending on the specifications.
Maintenance and Lifespan
A well-maintained borehole can last for over 20 years. Regular maintenance is key to ensuring consistent water supply and system efficiency. Maintenance tips include:
- Annual inspections
- Pump servicing and replacement when necessary
- Water quality testing every 6–12 months
- Keeping the borehole area clean and accessible
Common Uses of Borehole Water
Borehole water has a wide range of applications:
- Domestic use: For household chores, cooking, and drinking (after treatment)
- Irrigation: Sustains crops throughout the year
- Livestock farming: Reliable water for animals
- Industrial use: For manufacturing processes, cleaning, and cooling
- Commercial purposes: Bottled water and water vending businesses
Why Choose Refinar East Africa?
At Refinar East Africa, we offer end-to-end borehole drilling and equipping solutions. Our team handles everything from hydrogeological surveys and regulatory approvals to drilling, pump installation, water testing, and purification. We understand Kenya’s diverse geology and offer customized solutions to suit every client’s needs.
We go beyond drilling we provide complete water systems that include steel water towers, GRP tanks, solar-powered pumping, and advanced filtration systems. Our after-sales support ensures that your borehole continues to perform efficiently for years.
